Sicily (Sicilia Italy) Isole Eolie (Travel in Aeolian Islands)
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SICILY with Palermo as its capital.
The territory of the region consists almost entirely of the homonymous island, the largest island in Italy and the Mediterranean, as well as the 45th largest island in the world, bathed in the north by the Tyrrhenian Sea, in the west by the Strait of Sicily, in the south- west from the Sea of Sicily, south-east from the Malta channel, east from the Ionian Sea and north-east from the Strait of Messina which separates it from Calabria, with the remaining part consisting of the Aeolian, Egadi and Pelagie and the islands of Ustica and Pantelleria. It is the largest region in Italy, the fourth by population (after Lombardy, Lazio and Campania), and its territory is divided into 390 municipalities in turn constituted in three metropolitan cities (Palermo, Catania and Messina) and six free Consortia municipal.
The oldest human traces on the island date back to 20,000 BC. about. In the prehistoric era the so-called cultures of Stentinello, Castelluccio, Thapsos flourished, and a “culture” of dolmens has also been suspected for some decades [14]. Peoples from the Middle East and from all over Europe settled there over the millennia, stratifying and merging with the indigenous peoples. Remember the Sicans who in part can be defined as the descendants of the first inhabitants of the island [15], the Siculi and the Elimi. The eighth century BC saw Sicily colonized by the Phoenicians and especially by the Greeks, in the next 600 years there was the rise of the great power of Syracuse which with the Tyrants Gerone I and Dionisio I unified under its own control, in a sort of monarchy, all of Sicily placed east of the Salso river, including many Sicilian settlements. The following Agatocleus Siceliot Kingdom, in the period of its maximum expansion, had the Platani River as its western border, extending over the eastern part of Sicily; on Gela, on Akragas and its surroundings; on Selinunte; on the territories of the Sicilians and the Sicani (settled inland), on Reghion, Locri and on the southern tip of Calabria. Only the western end of Sicily remained in the hands of the Carthaginians who controlled the cities of Lilibeo, Drepanon and Panormo, and the Elimi, their allies. During this long historical phase, Sicily was the battlefield of the Greco-Punic wars and then of the Roman-Punic wars. The island was then subjugated by the Romans and became part of the empire until its fall in the 5th century AD.
It was therefore a land of conquest and, during the Early Middle Ages, conquered by Vandals, the Ostrogoths, the Byzantines, the Arabs, who restored its independence after centuries, establishing the Emirate of Sicily, and by the Normans with the latter who founded the Kingdom of Sicily, which lasted from 1130 to 1816; after the brief parenthesis of the Angevins, with the revolt of the vespers, in 1282, it returned independent under the name of Regno di Trinacria. The island then became a viceroyalty of Spain, passed briefly to the Savoy and Austria and, finally, in the 18th century, to the Bourbons, under whom, united the kingdom of Sicily to the kingdom of Naples, the Kingdom of the Two arose in 1816 Sicilies. Sicily was united to the Italian state in 1860 with a plebiscite [16], following the expedition of the Thousand led by Giuseppe Garibaldi during the Risorgimento. Since 1946 Sicily has become an autonomous region and since 1947 it has once again had its own parliament, the Sicilian Regional Assembly or ARS, established even before the birth of the Italian Republic.
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