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Berdiansk or Berdyansk is a port city in the Zaporizhzhia Oblast (province) of south-east Ukraine. It is on the northern coast of the Sea of Azov, which is the northern extension of the Black Sea. It serves as an administrative center of Berdiansk Raion (district), though it does not belong to the raion. The city is named after the river Berda forming Berdianska spit at the foot of which it is located. Berdiansk is home to a safari zoo, water park, museums, health resorts with mud baths and climatic treatments, and numerous water sport activities. Population: 107,928 (2021 est.)
Its original name was Kutur-Ogly. The city name changed to Novo-Nogaisk in 1830 (New Nogaisk) (see Nogai). The present name was given to the city in 1841 by special decree of Nicholas I and named after the nearby river Berda.
Between 1939 and 1958 the city was known as Osypenko, so named after Hero of the Soviet Union Polina Osipenko. This name has now been given to the nearby village Osypenko, where Polina Osipenko was born.
Berdiansk grew from a small settlement and a pier, built in 1673 by Zaporozhian and Azov Cossacks.[5]
In the 19th century, the Russian Imperial government began to plan building a sea port in the Northern Azov region. In 1824, Count Mikhail Vorontsov, Governor General of the Caucasus Viceroyalty, sent an expedition to the Azov Sea. Its task was to find a place to build a new seaport to assist in the defence of Russia’s southern borders. Initially, the place for a future port was implied in the village of Obetochnoe that belonged to Count Orlov-Denisov, near the town of Nogaysk founded in 1821.[6]
In the autumn of 1824 Captain N. Kritsky, the expedition supervisor, reported on several prospective sites; the best being a place closed off from the sea by the Berdianska spit. In an official report to Vorontsov, Kritsky wrote: “the quality of Berdiansk Spit surpasses that of Obytichna Spit; you can build a landing stage and port on it unless you concede to Sevastopol…”.
In 1820s, the place of the future Berdiansk was just a small settlement of fishers with a few huts[8] In 1825, merchant Nikolay Kobozev built a private wooden quay which was opened with a ceremony on July 1, 1830. Only by January 12, 1835, a state-owned quay had been built.[9] In 1833, Nikolay Kobozev set up a wooden post to function as a navigation beacon; the modern stone lighthouse was built under the leadership of the Italian merchant Carlo Tomasini in 1838.It is a 23-metre (75 ft) octahedral whitestone tower with an orange stripe in the middle. The beacon fires protected sailing ships and was first seen in 1840. Almost half a century later, in 1883, the oil lamps were replaced by electric lights. The old beacon was refurbished and upgraded with newer equipment.
In 1836 the first foreign ship entered the port of Berdiansk.[6]
In 1841 the settlement at the Berdiansk bay received the city status. Grigory Chernyaev (1787—1868) was appointed the city governor (gradonachalnik) and the head of the Berdiansk sea port.[11] G. Chernyaev was an officer from landed gentry; he took part in the Battle of Borodino.[11] After the defeat of Napoleon he was appointed a comendant of Valenciennes.[11] Michael Vorontsov knew him from France, when the former was the commander of the Russian expedition forces.[11]
The son of the Nogaysk merchant who owned fisheries at the Berdiansk bay, Nikolay Kobozev was elected the first mayor of the city in 1841. During his office, the small township had turned into a flourishing city with a large number of foreign companies’ offices and active international trade. He had built the first stone houses in the town and the famous Winter Theater, destroyed during WWII.
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Source:
Wikipedia
kirillovka.ks.ua
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#berdyansk #kiev #ukraine