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Composer Igor Stravinsky once rode a ski lift in Aspen in the summertime. At the same time, Prospector Alferd Packer dined on human flesh near Lake City. Inventor Nikola Tesla created artificial lightning hundreds of feet long in Colorado Springs. Writer Oscar Wilde attended a fancy dinner party at the bottom of a Leadville silver mine. Outlaw Butch Cassidy robbed the bank in Telluride. At the same time, Lawman Doc Holliday and Showman Buffalo Bill were buried in Glenwood Springs and Denver, respectively. All are part of the quirky and sometimes colorful history of Colorado.
Around 15,000 years ago, Native Americans migrated to Colorado, a nomadic group of hunter-gatherers distributed on the plains and the western plateaus. The first agricultural communities appeared on the Eastern Plains approximately 5,000 years ago. Circa 600 AD, the Ancient Pueblo Peoples began building elaborate communities in Southwestern Colorado in the Mesa Verde area. Other Native American groups have called Colorado home, including the Arapaho, Apache, Cheyenne, Comanche, Kiowa, Shoshone, and Utes.
The Spanish were the first Europeans in the area. In 1541, Coronado led an expedition north through Colorado from Mexico in search of the fabled Seven Cities of Cibola, where the streets were supposed to be paved with gold.
In 1803, French Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte sold the United States a vast tract of land known as the “Louisiana Purchase,” an area that included Colorado. Lieutenant Zebulon Pike explored the recently purchased territory at President Thomas Jefferson’s behest. Pike and his men were the first European Americans to find the 14,000-ft peak near Colorado Springs, which today bears his name.
From the 1820s through the 1840s, Colorado became part of the Wild West. Fur trappers and mountain men began harvesting highly-valued beaver and buffalo pelts for the Eastern U.S. and Europe. Trading posts were established for barter with the Native Americans. At the same time, trade routes sprang up between the United States and Mexico.
In 1858, gold was discovered at the mouth of Dry Creek in the present-day Denver suburb of Englewood, triggering the “Pike’s Peak or Bust” gold rush of 1858-59. Approximately 50,000 people immigrated to Colorado searching for gold, creating the first large-scale permanent settlements. Hard rock, silver, and gold mining towns were established.
A new town named Denver City was founded in honor of James W. Denver, governor of Kansas Territory.
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