The Republic of Singapore is a city-state located on islands in Southeast Asia, separated from the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula by the narrow Strait of Johor.
It borders on the Johor Sultanate, which is part of Malaysia, and on the Riau Islands, which is part of Indonesia. The name Singapore comes from the Malay singa (lion), borrowed from the Sanskrit sinha (lion), and the Sanskrit pura (city). Singapore has an area of 718.3 square kilometers and has been gradually increasing due to a land reclamation program that has been in place since the 1960s. The state of Singapore is located on 63 islands. The largest of them are Singapore (main island), Ubin, Tekong Besar, Brani, Sentosa, Semakau and Sudong. The highest point is Bukit Timah Hill (163.3 meters).
The first mention of Singapore is in the Chinese chronicles of the 3rd century. The island was a stronghold of the Srivijaya empire, centered on Sumatra, and bore the Javanese name Tumasik. Tumasik was an important trading center for some time, but then fell into disrepair. There is very little evidence of him except for individual archaeological finds. In the XV-XVI centuries, Singapore was part of the Sultanate of Johor. During the Dutch-Portuguese War of 1617, Singapore was attacked by Portuguese troops. On February 6, 1819, Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles, a representative of the British East India Company, concluded an agreement with the Sultan of Johor on the organization of a trade zone in Singapore with the permission of the immigration of different ethnic groups.
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