BOSSCHA Observatory – Lembang – West Java – Visit Indonesia
Bosscha is an iconic building located at Jalan Peneropong Bintang Number 45, Lembang, West Bandung Regency. Not just an ordinary observatory, Bosscha has an interesting history and profile.
Reporting from the Bosscha page, the Bosscha observatory, or what was known in the past as Bosscha Sterrenwacht, was built at the initiative of Karel Albert Rudolf (K.A.R.) Bosscha. Bosscha is assisted by his nephew, R.A. Kerkhoven, and an astronomer from the Dutch East Indies, Joan George Erardus Gijsbertus Voƻte, who gathered enthusiasts to form an association that would realize the idea of building an observatory.
The construction of the observatory was carried out by the architect Wolff Schoemaker. while the foundation of the building was built by De Hollandsche Beton Maatschappij. The Bosscha Observatory was chosen to be established in Lembang because the topography of this area is in a position that is safe enough to see clusters of galaxies in the southern sky.
At a meeting on September 12, 1920, at the Homann Hotel in Bandung, the Dutch East Indies Astronomical Association, or Nederlandsch-Indische Sterrenkundige Vereniging (NISV), was formed. This association aims to establish and maintain an astronomical observatory in the Dutch East Indies as well as advance the science of astronomy. During the meeting, Karel Bosscha agreed to be the main funder and promised to provide assistance in buying binoculars. At that time, Bosscha was also the landlord of the Malabar tea plantation.
As a reward for the services of K.A.R. Bosscha in the construction of this observatory, the name Bosscha is enshrined as the name of this observatory. The Bosscha Observatory was inaugurated on January 1, 1923. On June 7, 1928, a 60-centimeter Zeiss double-refractor binocular was placed on Bosscha Sterrenwacht. These binoculars were purchased by Bosscha and Dr. J. Voute in Germany. This is one of the largest pairs of binoculars in the southern hemisphere.
After that, the development of Bosscha was assisted by many parties. NISV received donations from De Bataafsche Petroleum Maatschappij, De Javasche Bank, De Stoomvaart Mij De Stoomvaart Mij “Rotterdamsche Lloyd,” and De Nederlandsche Handel Maatschappij. These organizations each contributed $10,000 to NISV.Meanwhile, Prof. JG van de Sande Bakhuyzn donated the library’s collection.
Ten years after its establishment, Bosscha Sterrenwacht has made many contributions to the world of international astronomy. These contributions are mainly in the optics of multiple stars and the determination of longitude on Earth. However, during World War II, all research activities at Bosscha Sterrenwacht stopped. Even this observatory had to undergo renovations due to damage from World War II. On October 17, 1951, NISV officially handed over this observatory to the Indonesian government.
The observatory was “entrusted” by the Indonesian government to become part of the University of Indonesia’s FIPIA, which later became the Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences at the Bandung Institute of Technology (ITB). Since then, Bosscha has functioned as a research institute and provided formal astronomy education in Indonesia. Until now, ITB is still the only tertiary institution in Indonesia that carries out bachelor’s, master’s, and doctoral education in astronomy and astrophysics. Bosscha Observatory is also still the largest astronomical observatory in Indonesia, making a significant contribution to research and astronomy education in Southeast Asia.
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