This short on London
London is the capital and largest city of England and the United Kingdom, with a population of around 8.8 million.[1][note 1] It stands on the River Thames in south-east England at the head of a 50-mile (80 km) estuary down to the North Sea and has been a major settlement for nearly two millennia.[9] The City of London, its ancient core and financial centre, was founded by the Romans as Londinium and retains its medieval boundaries.[note 2][10] The City of Westminster, to the west of the City of London, has for centuries hosted the national government and parliament. Since the 19th century,[11] the name “London” also refers to the metropolis around this core, historically split among the counties of Middlesex, Essex, Surrey, Kent, and Hertfordshire,[12] which since 1965 has largely comprised Greater London,[13] which is governed by 33 local authorities and the Greater London Authority.[note 3][14]
London
Capital city
River Thames and Tower Bridge with The Shard (left), Tower of London and City of London (right)
London Eye
Nelson’s Column
St Paul’s
Piccadilly Circus
Canary Wharf
Palace of Westminster with Big Ben (right)
London is located in the United KingdomLondonLondon
Location within the United Kingdom
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Coordinates: 51°30′26″N 0°7′39″W
Sovereign state
United Kingdom
Country
England
Region
London (Greater London)
Ceremonial counties
Greater London (ceremonial county)
City of London
Local government districts
32 London boroughs
and the City of London
Settled by Romans
AD 47; 1976 years ago[2]
as Londinium
Government
• Type
Executive mayoralty and deliberative assembly
• Body
Greater London Authority
• Mayor Sadiq Khan (L)
• London Assembly
• London Assembly
14 constituencies
• UK Parliament
73 constituencies
Area
• Total[A]
606.96 sq mi (1,572.03 km2)
• Urban
671.0 sq mi (1,737.9 km2)
• Metro
3,236 sq mi (8,382 km2)
• City of London
1.12 sq mi (2.89 km2)
• 32 London boroughs (total)
605.85 sq mi (1,569.14 km2)
Elevation[3]
36 ft (11 m)
Population (2021 except where stated)
• Total[A]
8,799,800[1]
• Density
14,500/sq mi (5,598/km2)
• Urban (2011)[4]
9,787,426
• Metro (2023)[5]
14,800,000 (London metropolitan area)
• City of London
8,600[1]
Demonyms
Londoner
GVA (2021)[6]
• Total
£487 billion
• Per capita
£55,412
Time zone
UTC (Greenwich Mean Time)
• Summer (DST)
UTC+1 (British Summer Time)
Postcode areas
22 areas
E, EC, N, NW, SE, SW, W, WC, BR, CM, CR, DA, EN, HA, IG, KT, RM, SM,UB, WD, TN, TW
Budget
£19.376 billion
($25 billion)[7]
International airports
Inside London:
Heathrow (LHR)
City (LCY)
Outside London:
Gatwick (LGW)
Stansted (STN)
Luton (LTN)
Southend (SEN)
Rapid transit system
London Underground
Police
Metropolitan (county of Greater London)
City of London (City of London square mile)
Ambulance
London
Fire
London
GeoTLD
.london
Website
www.london.gov.uk Edit this at Wikidata
As one of the world’s major global cities,[15] London exerts a strong influence on world art, entertainment, fashion, commerce and finance, education, health care, media, science and technology, tourism, transport, and communications.[16][17] Its GDP of €801.66 billion in 2017 makes it the largest urban economy in Europe,[18] and it is one of the major financial centres in the world. With Europe’s largest concentration of higher education institutions,[19] it is home to some of the highest-ranked academic institutions in the world—Imperial College London in natural and applied sciences, the London School of Economics in social sciences, and the comprehensive University College London.[20][21] London is the most visited city in Europe and has the busiest city airport system in the world.[22] The London Underground is the oldest rapid transit system in the world.[23]
London’s diverse cultures encompass over 300 languages.[24] The 2023 population of Greater London of just under 10 million[25] made it Europe’s third-most populous city,[26] accounting for 13.4% of the population of the United Kingdom[27] and over 16% of the population of England. The Greater London Built-up Area is the fourth-most populous in Europe, with about 9.8 million inhabitants at the 2011 census.[28][29] The London metropolitan area is the third-most populous in Europe, with about 14 million inhabitants in 2016,[note 4][30][31] granting London the status of a megacity.
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