Руанский собор – шедевр нормандской архитектуры / Rouen Cathedral – a masterpiece of Normandy

Руанский собор – шедевр нормандской архитектуры / Rouen Cathedral – a masterpiece of Normandy

The Rouen Cathedral is stunning with its beauty and grandeur. There is no such grandiose temple even in Paris. The cathedral began to be built in the 12th century on the site of the previous basilica. The work lasted for several centuries. Rouen Cathedral is more than 800 years old and is the main attraction

Of the city. Its façade, with its stonework, many arches, and a row of statues of saints and apostles, is a striking example of Norman Gothic at its peak . Two towers overlook the square in front of the cathedral facade: the left one, built in the 12th-15th centuries, and the right one, dating from

1506. This later style with many fine details is called Flamboyant Gothic. The right tower was nicknamed the Olive Tower due to its yellower color. The yellowish stone for it was brought from Wales. The central cross of the cathedral is crowned by a lantern tower with the tallest spire in all of France.

The left tower of Saint-Romain is the oldest part of the cathedral. It is named after one of the bishops of the city who lived in the 12th century, who, according to legend, defeated the monster that lived in the Seine. The central tower with a spire is 70 meters deep from the facade.

Since the 16th century, it has been crowned with a tin-covered wooden spire. In the 19th century it was replaced by a metal one with four turrets. This 151 meter high spire gave Rouen Cathedral the glory of being the tallest building in the world, which it was until 1880. The cathedral is really huge.

The height of the ceiling in the center of the temple, above which the spire is erected, is 51 meters. This is the size of a twenty-story building. The ceiling height in the gallery is 28 meters. The length of the passage is 137 meters. Being here, you feel a unique feeling of delight

From the enormous volume and beauty of the building. I just want to exclaim, “Wow!” Medieval Normandy was famous for its craftsmen, including those who made stained glass windows of an unusual azure color. Such stained glass windows have appeared in Rouen Cathedral since the 13th century. In the 14th century, stained glass manufacturing technology

Improved significantly and the glass became more durable. It is not surprising that the temple preserves stained glass windows from 800 years ago, signed by the masters who created them. In those days, casting colored glass was considered a high art. One of the stained glass windows is associated with the unusual legend of

St. Julian the Hospitaller. Allegedly, at his birth, evil witches cast a spell that he would kill his parents. Julian’s father wanted to get rid of the child, but his mother opposed and locked him in the house. At the age of 12, the teenager ran away, soon married a widow and they had children.

One day, Julian’s parents wanted to visit their grandchildren. Their son was then working in the field, and the wife who was in the house put the guests to rest on her and Julian’s bed. Meanwhile, one of his well-wishers told Julian that his wife was allegedly cheating on him.

Julian hurried home and, without understanding, hacked to death both parents right in the bed. Dejected by his fatal mistake, Julian left home to atone for his sin. Then he became rich, built hospitals for the poor and remained a positive hero in people’s memory. Cathedrals often served as burial places

For rulers and church prelates. In Rouen Cathedral, in addition to the tomb of the first Duke of Normandy, Rollon and his son, the heart of King Richard the Lionheart rests, and the sarcophagi of several archbishops are also installed. It should be said that in the middle of the 9th century,

The raids of the Normans under the leadership of Rollon became more frequent on the West Frankish kingdom, who was forever expelled from his homeland for robbery in the Scandinavian lands. Naturally, the exile sought to gain a foothold in new lands and he liked the north of France.

During the raids, Rouen was sacked several times. The then Archbishop of Rouen, for permission to live on their land, entered into an agreement with Rollon that Christian churches and local residents would not be subjected to looting. Soon the Frankish king Charles III concluded a similar agreement with the Vikings.

He decided to turn the robbers into defenders of his lands from the north direction. In 911, Charles the Simple declared Rollo duke of the territory he had captured. The duchy became known as Normandy, and Rouen became its capital. After some time, Rollo and his comrades adopted

Christianity for the sake of appearance, but during his long life until he was 80 years old, he gradually turned into an adherent of the Christian faith. Rollo proved himself not only a brave warrior, but also a strong ruler who managed to expand his possessions and establish firm order in them.

He founded the successful Norman dynasty, to which William I belonged , who conquered England and became the English king. This was the only time in history when the Vikings managed to create a stable political entity in occupied lands. Regarding the burial of the English king

Richard the Lionheart in the cathedral, let me remind you that he was a distant descendant of Rollo. Richard led the Third Crusade and successfully fought Saladin in the Holy Land. On the way back from the campaign, he was captured by the Austrians. The Austrians, bribed by Richard’s brother John,

Who usurped power in England, detained the prisoner for a long time. Only the intervention of the Pope saved him from death. Richard died of sepsis after being wounded in the shoulder by an arrow during the siege of one of the castles. According to his will,

The king’s heart rests in the sarcophagus of Rouen Cathedral. Previously it was kept in a sarcophagus in a lead box. During the post-war restoration it was discovered that only dust remained in it. Now this relic is kept in the service premises of the cathedral.

The temple was heavily damaged during the Second World War, as the Allies carried out intense bombing before the Normandy landings . The Saint-Romain Tower was almost completely burned down. The cathedral itself miraculously survived. During the twelve post-war years, restoration work was carried out here. The beauty and power of Rouen Cathedral

Has inspired writers and artists for centuries . The Cathedral became world famous thanks to a series of works by the French impressionist Claude Monet. The artist created the paintings for more than two years, periodically coming to Rouen to capture the western façade of the temple at different times of the day.

The first of the paintings was painted by the artist in a hotel room located opposite the cathedral. Monet tried to capture on canvas subtle changes in light depending on the time of day and weather. Every half hour he recorded fluctuations in color shades, depicting the transformation of the cathedral in the sun’s rays.

Claude Monet is not the only one who was inspired by Rouen Cathedral. A native of Rouen, Gustave Flaubert was well acquainted with the main temple of the city and described it in his famous novel Madame Bovary. And the stained glass window dedicated to the history of St. Julian the Hospitaller

Inspired Flaubert to write one of the stories. The massive walls of the cathedral line Via San Romano, named after the local priest. According to legend, in ancient times, a dragon named Garguiem lived in the Seine River, attacking local residents. Archbishop Roman decided to catch the dragon. He used a criminal sentenced to death

As bait. When the dragon crawled ashore to feast on it, Roman subdued it with a crucifix and brought it to the city, where the monster was stabbed and burned. In memory of this event, the archbishops of Rouen once a year released one of the criminals sentenced to death.

By the way, near the cathedral in the 15th century there was a room where the death sentence was passed on Joan of Arc. The trial took place on the territory of the cathedral. The signs at the gate say so. But 25 years later, the Maid of Orleans was cleared of charges of

Heresy, and already in 1920 she was canonized by the Catholic Church. These are the paradoxes of history. Rouen Cathedral is located in the historical center of the city, surrounded by well-preserved medieval baroque and half-timbered houses. Rouen spends a significant portion of its city budget on maintaining its attractions, including the restoration

Of the cathedral, which has been declared a cultural heritage site. Of course, taking care of the appearance of the temple is a very necessary matter. Where else but here you can truly feel the spirit of medieval history and the greatness of human architectural thought.

Кафедральный собор Руана потрясает своей красотой и величием. Столь грандиозного храма нет даже в Париже. Руанскому собору более 800 лет – это главная достопримечательность города. Его фасад является ярким примером нормандской готики в период ее наивысшего расцвета.

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The Rouen Cathedral is stunning with its beauty and grandeur. There is no such grandiose temple even in Paris. Rouen Cathedral is more than 800 years old and is the main attraction of the city. Its façade is a striking example of Norman Gothic at its height.

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Кафедральний собор Руана вражає своєю красою та величчю. Такого грандіозного храму немає навіть у Парижі. Руанському собору понад 800 років – це головна пам’ятка міста. Його фасад є яскравим прикладом нормандської готики під час її найвищого розквіту.

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