The Unique Railways of Brussels
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Brussels is the centre of the European Union, and is also the centre of a unique public transit concept — the premetro. Let’s talk all about Brussels and its metro, premetro, & railways and the incredible and weird ways they’ve shaped this important city!
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46 Comments
I'm suprised how well you know the subject. This is very impressive.
The pre metro concept is certainly unique and show good long term planning. Do you think that if you had the chance to plan a city from scratch, public transportation should be done in a way that is like maybe bus, pre tram, tram, pre metro, metro? Since I know that one of the big points you like to make is using the right tool/mode for demand.
As someone who uses the system on a daily-basis, the BXLs public transport has extremely bad connections anywhere but the centre. If you live outside of the loop, you have to rely on slow buses, trams and poorly thought connections. Plus transport from Flanders operate basically inside of the city centre on major roads, and you can't use the STIB tickets/monthly ticket on such buses. This severely limits cross-neighbourhood travel (which should be 15-30 mins, not 45-60 min via the centre).
Still waiting for prague😢
Thank you for making a piece on my literal workplace as a transit professional. A few other interesting plans are the airport tram line (that you briefly mentioned) and a few "internal" tram extensions that are being planned or prepared, like Belgica – North Station and beyond, the extension of T8 towards Bordet where it should meet up with M3, or a link in the south between the Altitude 100 area and Wiels (and beyond). And there's plenty more. A final project is the "re"introduction of the interurban trams, a line that partially existed pre 1968, Brussels – Londerzeel and on to Willebroek.
I seem to have missed the memo that turning loops are now outdated… Seems to be more of a personal opinion again.
Little Belgium puts all U S cities to shame with the extensive coordinated network of rail plus unbelievable stations and train cars. Im speechless. The best is the rail overpass directly over another Metro station. How was that built?
Il faut plus de lignes de métro à Bruxelles
The line 3 disappears this Sunday 20240922 to be replaced by the line 10 on Monday 20240923.
Some of the tram routes have a significant amount of reserved track once they get into less urban areas – particularly thr 39 and 44 out towards Tervuren.
My telecom network lecturer last year was the Chief of transport at STIB (the public transport company) since 20 years and still going. He would always come in with his briefcase and his high vis jacket on, coming directly from the metro (hitching a ride in the driver cab). He had the big wrench-style metro keys on his key set and woud talk about metros every week during his lectures! Had loads of fun anecdotes, and we had several lectures canceled because he was travelling to visit Montreal or Istanbul metro networks.
Great video! When you said the thing about turning loops for trams I thought about my city, Rotterdam, where the tramnetwork is pretty old fashioned compared to Brussels. Maybe you can do a video about it someday!
What are the benefits of metro rail over tram rail?
Love it! Thanks for doing Brussels. Belgium has a very long history with trains, once having a major railcar manufacturing industry. It still has the busiest rail tunnel in the world and one of the highest passenger rail kilometers per capita.
can you make a video on the Sofia metro system as well?
As a person living in Brussels, loving the city while seeing its problems (helps not to be Belgian), I think your video is somewhat too positive. Sure, the long-term planning of pre-metro in 60s was great, however, the city also banked heavily on car-centered infrastructure – the decision that it's been now slowly fixing for the past 10 years (the progress is very clear!).
On the metro however, I think the system is really not that good – in fact, I would say one of the worse in Europe. First, in spite of official 4 lines, in reality it only has 2.5. Second, the coverage is quite poor – there are several important locations, and even whole neighborhoods that are not connected (mostly the poorer Western communes – Ganshoren, Jette, Saint-Agathe – but also spots like Jourdan or Flagey). Third, mismanagement and budget overrun of the M3 projects are forcing the regional government to omit other potential extensions and pushing the public opinion against the metro (already many civil society groups protesting and even asking to stop the M3 project). Of course, I hope it goes through and Brussels gets a system that the EU capital deserves, but it's not easy in the Belgian political system (which alarmingly leaves the country capital behind).
As a Brusseler, I absolutely love watching a video of a foreigner talking about the transport system the city I live in has developped lol
do Chinese metros.
😅Don’t miss the Brussels tram museum and it’s vintage tram trips around Brussels.
You should do Belgrade, Serbia.
How does work a city with 2 million people and no metro.
How it had perfectly located rail station, only for it to be relocated 5km from city center and make way for Dubai style high raise.
One thing which needs to be pointed out : the Brussels tramways are narrow-body (but standard gauge). For the same length, they carry 20% less passengers than tramways in France or Luxemburg.
Also, they are currently performing signaling works on the M1, in order to make possible a future increase in frequency.
You could also have explained why there is no North-South metro network : the main municipalities always refused to have this thing built on their territory… and now their inhabitants regret it. Tramways and buses are not sufficient to cover their needs. M3 will improve this to the north (someday), but not to the south (maybe 22nd century).
Buses have improved a lot too, now we have i think 12 lines served by frequent articulated buses, compared to 2 before. I can feel the difference in my travels 🙂
It's a national sport here in Belgium to bash/hate on public transit & most are justified doing so.
Overall, the metro system in Brussel is a breeze to use, very much on time, except one odd incident a year. And the app with QR code, to buy tickets from your mobile phone, present it to a scanner on the gate & you're through!
There are also other ways:
Buy a ticket from a vending machine,
Badge with your credit card directly,
With the application, as described above.
And, the good thing is with 1 ticket, you can go anywhere, since it's valid for 1 hour 😀
Would be nicer if the metro was designed to cover every neighborhood in Brussel, but that's a question of budget. Even the new M3 line is experiencing severe cost-overruns due to "unforseen" geological conditions.
Minor nitpick: it looks like this is tartare sauce, not mayonnaise on your fries. Mayonnaise doesn't have herbs into it (and is the greatest thing to put on fries).
The fact that you didn't include the new tram line 10 that opened the day of the upload is unfortunate. Now the video is already outdated. 😅 Still free engagement I guess.
A little fun fact about the line numbers. Until 2009 , they were 3 metro lines instead of 4.
Line 1a connected Roi Baudoin to Herrmann-Debroux (a mix of metro 5 and 6 of today), line 1b connected Erasmus to Stockel (like an extension of metro 1 to Erasmus) and finaly the metro line 2 that connected Delacroix to Elisabeth. In 2009, no stations was added, just a big lines reorganisation.
I always find the S-train branding funny as they haven't really done anything to deserve that title. Unlike in Germany or France where they were specifically constructed to move large volumes of people efficiently, here they're just the remnants of the old heavy rail network with a lick of new paint. It's run by the national railway service and not the local transit agency, which should say enough.
Since schuman-meiser train connection now exists the train tracks schuman- verboeckhoven should be converted to metro tracks instaed imo. The underusage of this line by the train company sncb/nmbs is hurting my brain.
The "RER" project is extremely slow…
When i was a kid, we had the "L" trains (local trains), but nobody really knew these lines because nobody cared and rolling stock was outdated.
Then, the first step toward a regional express network was to rebrand some "L" lines into "CR" lines, for "City Rail". Rolling stock was painted a bit and modified to accept cyclists (probably mountainbike olympic medalists able to jump aboard these super old trains with their bikes).
And then they converted these lines into "S" lines, for "Suburban", with some decent communication about the network lines, a few new stops and the schuman-josaphat tunnel.
Next step will be to finalize the doubling of tracks on every major inbound line… this still has some way to go… Doubling of frequencies won't happen before that, i'm afraid. Until then, the S-trains don't really benefit intra-brussels mobility.
Take the example of the municipalities Uccle and Forest. They have an S-train line with 3 stops in Uccle (Moensberg, Caelvoet, Stalle) and one in Forest (Forest-Est). Yet, they are served by 1 train per hour… this is pretty much useless. The line could serve as a form of north-south metro, helping locals reach downtown Brussels in 10-15 minutes only… but here you need to quadruple frequency to see any use.
M3 has not been thincking of thoughtfully. The new station Toots Thielemans is not well planned. It is destroying the houses on the street on top of it. And this was gold to them in 2013 already, but STIB/MIVB egnored it and started construction. They also started to make a new station at North station as they want the whole pre-metro line to carry the trams, instead of the metro as it was forseen. Also on the north part of the section they will have problems as they want to dig the tunnel under the townhall of Schaarbeek. Which is Builder on sand. People and many other organisation already told them it will let the townhall collapse, they still are willing to continue the digging and are ignoring the warnings again.
For being a capital city that belongs to a country that is governed by a myriad of governments who are built on linguistic fault lines, the Brussels transport provider MIVB/STIB manages to be the best public transport provider of Belgium. I only hope the national railways and Flemish bus & tram service someday to be able to compete with the quality that MIVB/STIB offers.
😇 Thanks for the video !
I'm not sure if this is the right place to ask, but it would be interesting to see a video about the Porto metro.
The system is a bit of a combination of light rail, metro and suburban rail, with an S-Bahn adjacent layout.
It's also the first European metro to use Chinese trains.
Actually, if the Brussels don't want to end up completly broke, it should not build the M3 as price and delays have skyrocketed because the underground soil is more problematic than (badly) planned : water, unstable sandbanks… Also, another metro line is not really necessary for the population size. Deep underground stations are also less confortable for the users than surface trams. More and more experts and NGOs are pushing for a less costly and quicker to build alternative consisting of an upgrade and better use of the tram network.
How is are Venezuelan gangs working out with the Latino gangs on the south side such as the Satan Disciple’s, Latin Kings, Saints, Gangster two six ?
I’ve got to visit Brussels earlier this year while I was vacationing in Paris. I took the EuroStar high speed train there and it was awesome! I’m from New York City born and raised and we don’t have high speed rail here in the U.S. Acela doesn’t hit 189MPH/300KPH like EuroStar does. I got to hangout in Brussels for about 7-8 hours before returning back to the Paris the same day and visited some landmarks which thanks to their subway system was absolutely possible and a great experience. I love the fact they have a day unlimited pass for I think it was 8 euros 💶 that I paid for. Paris doesn’t have that option for unlimited day passes. Shout out to Belgium 🇧🇪 🫶🏼
I think there is one big elephant in the room in transit in Brussels, namely that the trains are run by the national company and the STIB/MIVB do not run any. This leads to the train company focusing pretty much exclusively on regional, intercity and international lines and only doing suburban or city lines as an afterthought. The train company would be perfectly happy ignoring Brussels if it wasn’t so central.
I lived in a number of areas in the city and you’d have these beautiful rail lines, sometimes 4 lines, electrified, perfect, which could connect a lot of the outer parts of town… running 2 trains per hour. Because they are trains set up to go to some small village out in the countryside, even though there are tons of people close by without a station, or having a station but low frequency or little choice in destinations, ending up having to take slow buses, and frequently the car
Your map is already outdated, a new tam line opened yesterday
They'll also have a new pretty long tramline all the way from Brussels to Willebroek.
But they didn't even start working on it yet as of now.
Also, Antwerp has a pretty big tram/pre-Metro network with lots of underground trams going underneath the whole city and the "Schelde"
You just released the video and they changed the name of tram 3 to tram 10 🙂
As a train driver here, a train every 15 minutes is not feasable at all, mostly because staff, train and infrastructure shortage. And we're all used to driving to different places, staying within brussels won't get many motivated
I am in Brussels right now. 😂
6:17 the east west pre metro was opened in the 1960s ; it was the full metro that was opened in the mid 1970s.
7:43 fun fact, the wide roadway was in part a railway up until the 1950s, the Brussels to Tervuren railway.
Very happy to see a video from my adopted home. Hanover is next, right? 😍
There were excellent comments on what the S-Train system is lacking, so im not gonna add to them, but one thing you did not mention is that the neighbourhoods to the South East (Elsene/Ixelles and Uccle) are severely underserved by rail, with no immediate plans to rectify that, unfortunately…
Great video as always. The light rail makes me think of the possibilities with some of Chicago's north-south corridors. Would love to see a video from you dedicated to the proposed and failed BRT along Chicago's Ashland Ave and how some type of rail might have been a better option.
As a Belgian thank you for this video. The internet decided to hate Brussels, so i think its refreshing to watch a positive video about my capital city.